Introduction to Muon Spectroscopy

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# Introduction to Muon Spectroscopy

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    Anish Mudaraddi</a>
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# What are "Muons"?

Muons are subatomic particles that have spin 1/2, carry one elementary electric
charge, and have a mass about 207 times the rest mass of the electron or 1/9th
of the rest mass of the proton.

Muons may be though of as "heavy electrons" or "light protons", and they are
generated via nuclear reactions currently at four muon sources around the world.

The ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the
UK, is one of them.

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# What is Muon Spectroscopy?

In a muon experiment, the muons are channelled into beamlines and fired towards
the samples that we want to study.

They are implanted into the sample and decay with an average lifetime of 2.2μs,
releasing a positron in the direction of the spin of the muon at the time of
decay.

The positrons leave the sample and are collected by a positron detector. These
detections are used to infer the behaviour of the muons and, with that, study
different properties of the sample.

![Diagram showing muon implantation, decay, and positron detection](../images/muon_spectroscopy_diagram.png)
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# Muon Simulations

One of the main problems in Muon Spectroscopy is knowing where the muon is
implanted - where it stops - inside the sample.

The stopping site is influenced by many factors and knowing its location is very
useful for the interpretation of muon experiments.

Computer simulations can help with estimating the muon stopping site.

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# Muon Galaxy tools

Muon Galaxy gives easy access to a set of software tools developed by the 
[Muon Spectroscopy Computational Project (MSCP)](https://muon-spectroscopy-computational-project.github.io/index.html)
for simulating muon science experiments including:

- approximating the muon stopping site

- simulating spin dynamics of muonated structures

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## Related tutorials

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## Thank You!

This material is the result of a collaborative work. Thanks to the [Galaxy Training Network](https://training.galaxyproject.org) and all the contributors!

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			<a href="/training-material/hall-of-fame/anish-mudaraddi/" class="contributor-badge contributor-anish-mudaraddi"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/anish-mudaraddi?s=36" alt="Anish Mudaraddi avatar" width="36" class="avatar" />
    Anish Mudaraddi</a><a href="/training-material/hall-of-fame/elichad/" class="contributor-badge contributor-elichad"><img src="/training-material/assets/images/orcid.png" alt="orcid logo" width="36" height="36"/><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/elichad?s=36" alt="Eli Chadwick avatar" width="36" class="avatar" />
    Eli Chadwick</a><a href="/training-material/hall-of-fame/patrick-austin/" class="contributor-badge contributor-patrick-austin"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/patrick-austin?s=36" alt="Patrick Austin avatar" width="36" class="avatar" />
    Patrick Austin</a><a href="/training-material/hall-of-fame/leandro-liborio/" class="contributor-badge contributor-leandro-liborio"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/leandro-liborio?s=36" alt="Leandro Liborio avatar" width="36" class="avatar" />
    Leandro Liborio</a>
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    Joel Davies</a></td>
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